Transactional analysis (TA)

Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychological theory and therapeutic approach developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s. It focuses on understanding human behaviour, communication, and relationships through the lens of social “transactions” or interactions between people. TA is grounded in the idea that each person operates from three internal “ego states”: Parent (rules, values, and messages learned from caregivers), Adult (rational, present-moment thinking), and Child (emotions, impulses, and experiences from early life).

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In therapy, TA helps individuals identify which ego state they are operating from in various situations and how these states influence their thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. For example, someone may respond to criticism from their Child state (with hurt or rebellion) or from their Parent state (with judgement). TA also explores patterns known as “life scripts”—unconscious life plans formed in childhood—and aims to revise them to support healthier choices.

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Transactional Analysis is often used to improve communication, resolve internal conflicts, and develop self-awareness. It is practical and accessible, making it useful in individual therapy, couples counselling, and organizational settings. The ultimate goal of TA is to promote autonomy, awareness, and the capacity for genuine, respectful connection with oneself and others.